Historical Document - The Hundred Days of Napoleon - 1815 - Death of Joachim Murat
Historical handwritten document dated March 12th, 1815 and Portrait of Joachim Murat, an original steel engraving drawn by Gaildrau, engraved by Leguay in 1840

Period Louis XVIII

Louis XVIII, born in Versailles on November 17, 1755 under the name of Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was King of France and Navarre from April 6, 1814 to March 20, 1815 and then from July 8, 1815 to his death on September 16, 1824, in Paris . Fourth son of the Dauphin Louis and younger brother of Louis XVI, he was called "Monsieur" when the latter became king. Exiled under the French Revolution and the First Empire, he adopted, as a pretender to the throne, the name of Louis XVIII. He returned to France during the Restoration which followed the fall of Emperor Napoleon I. He was overthrown during the Hundred Days, then returned to power again after the Battle of Waterloo.

Louis, took as his wife Marie-Joséphine de Savoie, daughter of King Victor-Amédée III of Sardinia and Marie-Antoinette of Spain, on May 14, 1771 in the royal chapel of the Palace of Versailles.

Until his accession to the throne of France, he held the title of Count of Provence as brother of King Louis XVI. On 21 September 1792, the National Convention abolished the monarchy and deposed Louis XVI, who was later executed by guillotine. When his young nephew Louis XVII died in prison in June 1795, the Count of Provence proclaimed himself king under the name Louis XVIII.

When the Sixth Coalition finally defeated Napoleon in 1814, Louis XVIII was placed in what he, and the French royalists, considered his rightful position (First Restoration 1814–1815). However, Napoleon escaped from his exile in Elba and restored his French Empire (Hundred Days, March 20, 1815-July 8, 1815). Louis XVIII fled, and a Seventh Coalition declared war on the French Empire, defeated Napoleon again, and again restored Louis XVIII to the French throne (Second Restoration, 1815–1830).

Louis XVIII's health began to fail in the spring of 1824 and he died on 16 September 1824. He was succeeded by his youngest brother, the Count of Artois, as Charles X.

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